PHP Tutorial
Operators are used to perform operations on variables and values
PHP language supports the following types of operators
Arithmetic operators are used with numeric values to perform common mathematical operations
| Operator | Name | Example |
|---|---|---|
| + | Addition | $x + $y |
| - | Subtraction | $x - $y |
| * | Multiplication | $x * $y |
| / | Division | $x / $y |
| % | Modulus | $x % $y |
| ** | Exponentiation | $x ** $y |
Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables
| Operator | Example | Same As |
|---|---|---|
| = | x = 7 | x = 7 |
| += | x += 6 | x = x + 6 |
| -= | x -= 6 | x = x - 6 |
| *= | x *= 6 | x = x * 6 |
| /= | x /= 6 | x = x / 6 |
| %= | x %= 6 | x = x % 6 |
Comparison operators are used to compare two values
| Operator | Name | Example | Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|
| == | Equal | $x == $y | Return TRUE if $x is equal to $y |
| === | Identical | $x === $y | Return TRUE if $x is equal to $y, and they are of same data type |
| !== | Not identical | $x !== $y | Return TRUE if $x is not equal to $y, and they are not of same data type |
| != | Not equal | $x != $y | Return TRUE if $x is not equal to $y |
| <> | Not equal | $x <> $y | Return TRUE if $x is not equal to $y |
| < | Less than | $x < $y | Return TRUE if $x is less than $y |
| > | Greater than | $x > $y | Return TRUE if $x is greater than $y |
| <= | Less than or equal to | $x <= $y | Return TRUE if $x is less than or equal $y |
| >= | Greater than or equal to | $x >= $y | Return TRUE if $x is greater than or equal $y |
| <=> | Spaceship | $x <=>$y | Return -1 if $x is less than $y Return 0 if $x is equal $y Return 1 if $x is greater than $y |
Logical operators are used to combine conditional statements
| Operator | Name | Example | Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|
| and | And | $x and $y | Return TRUE if both $x and $y are true |
| Or | Or | $x or $y | Return TRUE if either $x or $y is true |
| xor | Xor | $x xor $y | Return TRUE if either $ or $y is true but not both |
| ! | Not | ! $x | Return TRUE if $x is not true |
| && | And | $x && $y | Return TRUE if either $x and $y are true |
| || | Or | $x || $y | Return TRUE if either $x or $y is true |
The string operators are used to perform the operation on strings.
| Operator | Name | Example | Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|
| . | Concatenation | $x . $y | Concatenate both $x and $y |
| .= | Concatenation and Assignment | $x .= $y | First concatenate $x and $y, then assign the concatenated string to $x, e.g. $x = $x . $y |
The PHP array operators are used to compare arrays.
| Operator | Name | Example | Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|
| + | Union | $x + $y | Union of $x and $y |
| == | Equality | $x == $y | Return TRUE if $x and $y have same key/value pair |
| != | Inequality | $x != $y | Return TRUE if $x is not equal to $y |
| === | Identity | $x === $y | Return TRUE if $x and $y have same key/value pair of same type in same order |
| !== | Non-Identity | $x !== $y | Return TRUE if $x is not identical to $y |
| <> | Inequality | $x <> $y | Return TRUE if $x is not equal to $y |
The PHP increment operators and decrement operators are used to increment and decrement a variable's value.
| Operator | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| ++$x | Pre-increment | Increments $x by one, then returns $x |
| $x++ | Post-increment | Returns $x, then increments $x by one |
| --$x | Pre-decrement | Decrements $x by one, then returns $x |
| $x-- | Post-decrement | Returns $x, then decrements $x by one |
Bitwise operators are used to compare (binary) numbers
| Operator | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| & | AND | Sets each bit to 1 if both bits are 1 |
| | | OR | Sets each bit to 1 if one of two bits is 1 |
| ^ | XOR | Sets each bit to 1 if only one of two bits is 1 |
| ~ | NOT | Inverts all the bits |
| << | Zero fill left shift | Shift left by pushing zeros in from the right and let the leftmost bits fall off |
| >> | Signed right shift | Shift right by pushing copies of the leftmost bit in from the left, and let the rightmost bits fall off |
